PM2.5 has become one of the important causes of high asthma

Posted on October 28, 2019October 28, 2019 by Helen

PM2.5 has become one of the important causes of high asthma

In recent years, the incidence of asthma has been on the rise, especially in children with increased incidence of asthma. Respiratory experts explain that this has a lot to do with the increasing air pollution in recent years, and PM2.5 is an important cause of high incidence of asthma.

Why is the prevalence of asthma high? Respiratory experts explain that this has a lot to do with the increasing air pollution in recent years, and PM2.5 is an important cause of high incidence of asthma. Especially in the continuous smog weather, the number of patients who came to see a doctor in the respiratory department of major hospitals increased significantly.

First, know asthma

Asthma is bronchial asthma, which is often referred to as ‘cracking disease’, ‘air urgency’ and ‘asthma disease’. It is the most common chronic non-specific inflammatory disease in the airway and is the most common chronic disease in the world. One.

The pathogenesis of chronic airway inflammation in asthma is complex, mainly related to allergic reactions and abnormalities in immune regulation. In a popular way, it is allergic or sensitive to the airway, resulting in recurrent cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing, chest tightness and other symptoms, mostly at night or in the early hours of the morning. These symptoms can be relieved by themselves or quickly relieved by treatment.

In addition to typical bronchial asthma, there is a special type of asthma that varies from cough, which is easily overlooked or misdiagnosed, namely ‘variable asthma.’ Its main symptoms are coughing only, paroxysmal and irritating dry cough at night, and patients usually have no obvious upper respiratory tract infections and fever before coughing, and are often misdiagnosed as bronchitis. If the child has a cold or cough, parents should be careful if they have asthma. Many parents mistakenly treat asthma as a cold and delay treatment.

Asthma and rhinitis are sisters

Pay attention to asthma and pay attention to allergic rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis is closely related to asthma. The survey found that 80% of asthma patients with allergic rhinitis, most asthma patients have asthma or simultaneous onset of rhinitis. Asthma and rhinitis belong to an airway, which is also a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway, thus supporting the idea that ‘one respiratory tract, one disease’ is a sister. Allergic rhinitis is also a risk factor for asthma, so early treatment of allergic rhinitis Can reduce the incidence of late asthma.

Second, how does smog induce asthma?

In addition to congenital genetic factors, the onset of asthma has a lot to do with the environment. Such as urban air pollution, home decoration, second-hand smoke, pets, carpeting, pollen, etc. can induce asthma. With the increase of urban air pollution, smog has become an important cause of high incidence of asthma.

A large amount of PM2.5 particles in the smog, the human nose and throat have been blocked, they can go down all the way into the bronchioles, alveoli, and then enter the capillaries through the alveolar wall, and then enter the entire blood circulation system. The most direct and most influential one is the damage to the respiratory system.

Sulfate, sulfur dioxide, heavy metals and various bacterial viruses carried in PM2.5 are easy to invade the human respiratory tract. A large amount of particulate matter enters the lungs and has a clogging effect on local tissues, which can reduce the ventilation of local bronchus, bronchioles and alveoli. The loss of ventilation function, particulate matter adsorbed by harmful gases can also stimulate or even corrode the alveolar wall. The most direct effect is that it is easy to cause respiratory tract irritation, poor breathing, chest tightness, dry cough, dry throat and itching, etc. Long-term inhalation is easy to cause rhinitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis and other diseases, and it is easy to cause chronic diseases such as asthma and chronic bronchitis. Acute attack.

Previously, a study in Hong Kong confirmed that the increase in air pollution was significantly associated with an increase in hospitalization rates in patients with allergic asthma. When the sulfur dioxide in the air increased to 10μg/m2, the relative risk of admission was 1.017. When the sulfur dioxide in the air increased by 10μg/m2, the proportion of acute allergic asthma hospitalization increased by 3.3%. Nitric oxide, ozone and atmospheric particulate matter can be used. Increasing the proportion of hospitalization for patients with allergic asthma increased by 5.5%, 5.9%, and 3.0%, respectively, suggesting that these four air pollutants are important factors in the aggravation of allergic asthma.

Third, how to prevent asthma in smog days

For people with a genetic history of asthma

1. Smog days to minimize going out or wearing a mask

When encountering dense fog weather, try to reduce your outing. If you have to go out, it is best to wear a professional anti-PM2.5 mask and try to use a version with a breathing valve. In addition to filtering some of the particles in the air, it can also warm the cold air and reduce the stimulation of the respiratory tract.

2. Determine allergens

To prevent asthma, first determine your body’s allergens. Dust mites, cats, dog skin scales, mold, pollen, milk, eggs, silk, feathers, moths, cotton wool, fungi, drugs, etc. are all important allergens. For patients with food-induced asthma attacks, first determine which food is allergic to it. You can go to the hospital for personal allergen testing.

3. Pay attention to climate change and prevent colds.

Winter and spring are the high incidence of asthma, the weather suddenly changes or the pressure is reduced, etc. Cold and cold and upper respiratory tract infection are the most common causes, so pay more attention to keep warm and prevent colds.

4. Pay attention to adjusting mood and avoid excessive fatigue.

Anxiety, sadness, over-excitement, and even laughter can also lead to asthma attacks. People who are psychologically vulnerable and have psychological barriers will feel abnormally heavy, nervous, and depressed in this weather. These people should pay attention to emotional regulation in the foggy days. You can listen to music and do something that you feel happy about. Maintain good exercise habits and daily routines, and don’t get too tired.

5. Drink plenty of water and eat more lungs and fruits and vegetables

For smoggy weather, choose a food that is lighter and rich in vitamins C and A. Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits such as spinach, tomatoes, carrots, oranges, grapes, kiwis, etc. Drinking plenty of water can also help the body to expel toxins.

6, cough, chest tightness, need medical attention

Children’s immune function is not perfect, it is more sensitive to external stimuli, and it is easy to cause asthma attacks in case of severe air pollution. Many children start to have cold symptoms at the beginning. Many parents think that their children only have a cold and don’t pay attention to it. When the acute episode comes to the hospital for treatment, it has often developed to the severity of breathing difficulties. Therefore, when the child has cough, chest tightness, sneezing, and spit white foam, the inhalation is relatively smooth, but you should seek medical advice if you have a bad breath. Otherwise, the terrible consequences of collapse may occur.

Have asthma in the family

1. Improve the living environment to avoid asthma

There are a large number of allergens in the living environment that can cause asthma attacks, such as dust mites and fungi. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the living environment and minimize the allergens. The bedroom should be simple, don’t hang fluffy jewelry, don’t put any good items such as carpets and fabric sofas, and don’t keep cats, dogs and other pets. Parents must not smoke.

Bed bedding should be exposed frequently, tapped, and washable bedding such as bedspreads, duvet covers, etc. should be cleaned frequently, and washed with hot water above 55 °C or even 100 °C to kill mites. If the economic conditions permit, the bedding should be replaced once every 2 to 5 years.

2. Adhere to the standard medication

Respiratory patients should insist on taking the medicine on time in the fog to avoid the disease. Pay attention to your body’s feelings and reactions, and seek medical advice if you feel unwell.

3. correct window ventilation

In the smoggy weather, avoid the traffic peaks in the morning and evening, and open the window twice a day for 20-40 minutes under static wind conditions. Increasing the humidity in the room, excessive drying in the room will increase the dust in the air.

4. In the diet, we must pay attention to the ‘six but not’ principle: eating should not be too salty, too sweet (chocolate), too greasy (animal fat), should not eat too much spicy, spicy and other foods, should not eat too much allergenic protein Food (milk, fish, seafood, etc.) should not be full.

5. Develop good habits, limit the amount of exercise, avoid overwork and mental stress, stimulation.

6.Install the air purifier

It is best to install an air purifier with PM2.5 particles in the home. It is good for removing PM2.5, and it can increase the relative humidity in the air and make it more comfortable to breathe.

Olansi Healthcare Industry portable air purifier is willing to work with more families to further study and manage family indoor issues and contribute to more family health.If you are interested in this, please contact us for more products and preferential prices
Helen:
+86 13922346046
info@olansiglobal.com
https://www.olansiglobal.com

How should patients with cardiopulmonary and respiratory diseases resist smog?

Posted on October 28, 2019October 28, 2019 by Helen

How should patients with cardiopulmonary and respiratory diseases resist smog?

PM2.5 has become the number one killer of air pollution. Ordinary people face smog and can’t prevent it. For some people who have heart and lung disease, respiratory disease and weak resistance, how to breathe healthily is a seriously test.

First, PM2.5 is more harmful to patients with respiratory diseases

The most direct and most influential effect of PM2.5 on the human body is the damage to the respiratory system. Beginning in 2004, Pan Xiaochuan, a professor at the Peking University School of Medicine, began monitoring the daily average concentration of PM2.5 in the air. He found that the number of emergency patients in the nearby hospital respiratory system changed significantly as the value increased. Studies in previous years have shown that the number of patients with PM2.5 growth in hospitals with respiratory-related emergency-related diseases is positively correlated. For every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 daily average, the emergency volume is likely to increase by 0.5% to 1%.

The fine particles below PM2.5, the nose and throat of the human body can not stop, they can go down all the way into the bronchioles, alveoli, and then enter the capillaries through the alveolar wall, and then enter the entire blood circulation system.

PM2.5 is like a carrier that carries many harmful substances such as bacteria, carcinogens, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and so on. A large amount of particulate matter enters the lungs and has a clogging effect on local tissues, which can reduce the ventilation of local bronchus, loss of ventilation function of bronchioles and alveoli, and particulate matter adsorbing harmful gases can also stimulate or even corrode the alveolar wall. The most direct effect is that it is easy to cause irritation, cough, and difficulty breathing.

For patients with respiratory diseases themselves, inhaling excessive amounts of PM2.5 may result in decreased lung function, causing and aggravating asthma, rhinitis, and chronic bronchitis, which may cause lung sclerosis and toxic particles that remain in the alveoli. Eventually it will affect our epithelial tissue, inactivate the tumor suppressor gene, and induce lung cancer.

On October 17, 2013, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) at the meeting in Lyon had identified the atmospheric pollutant PM2.5 as a primary carcinogen (a definition of one level: a carcinogen for humans). At this point, in addition to affecting cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, PM2.5 will increase the risk of lung cancer.

Second, PM2.5 is more harmful to patients with cardiopulmonary disease

On February 20, 2013, a study published in the European Heart Journal showed that PM2.5 was positively associated with heart disease mortality. The higher the PM2.5 concentration, the higher the mortality rate of heart disease patients. . Patients with acute coronary syndromes will have an increased mortality rate if exposed to excessive 2.5 micron inhalable particulate matter in the air.

A previous US data study also confirmed the cardiovascular hazard of PM2.5. The study confirmed that for every 10 micrograms per cubic meter of PM2.5 daily increase, that is, for each 144 micrograms of PM2.5 inhalation (10 micrograms per cubic meter x 0.01 cubic meters x 60 minutes x 24 hours), the mortality rate of cardiopulmonary disease rises. 6% higher, lung cancer mortality increased by 8%.

When the PM2.5 content in the air increases, the absolute oxygen content decreases, and the amount of oxygen inhaled by the human body decreases. Because the pulmonary vesicles in the lungs are important parts of blood oxygen exchange, if the lungs are blocked by PM2.5 particles. , the function of exchanging oxygen with the pulmonary capillaries is reduced, and blood oxygen exchange is insufficient. The reduction of oxygen in the blood will cause a series of adaptive changes in the human body. Two prominent points, one is to ensure the oxygen supply of the human body, the blood flow will become faster in the blood vessel; the second is that the blood vessel membrane will become thicker, the blood vessel cavity will become narrower, and the risk of thrombosis will increase.

In addition to changes in the vascular membrane, many harmful substances carried by PM2.5, directly into the blood after inhalation, will directly damage the intima of the blood vessel, thereby thickening the vascular intima, causing stenosis, increasing blood pressure, etc., and increasing the thrombus. may. It even causes heart disease such as congestive heart failure and coronary artery disease.

In the haze days with high PM2.5 concentration, the sun is often blocked, the temperature is often low, some high blood pressure, coronary heart disease patients go from warm indoors to cold outside, the blood vessels expand and contract, and the blood pressure rises. high. The blood vessel wall of the elderly is very thin, and it is easy to cause stroke and myocardial infarction after the blood pressure is raised. In addition, upper respiratory tract infections caused by smog, pneumonia and other symptoms can easily induce heart failure in patients with heart disease, which can lead to shock or even death.

So, what protective measures should we take for such people?

What protective measures should be taken?

1.Try to reduce the door

Smog days should be minimized, or outdoor activities should be reduced. Try not to go to many places, such as supermarkets, shopping malls and hospitals. These places have poor air circulation and are prone to cross-infection of respiratory diseases. This type of group generally does not recommend wearing professional protective masks for a long time, because the masks of N90 and N95 series have large respiratory resistance, and there will be chest tightness and uncomfortable feeling after wearing. If you must wear it, you can consult a doctor first. At the same time, after going out, you should wash your face and bare skin immediately, or rinse your nose with water.

2.Tinstall air purifiers, plant green plants

It is best to install an air purifier with PM2.5 particles in the home. It is good for removing PM2.5, and it can increase the relative humidity in the air and make it more comfortable to breathe. For details on how to purchase an air purifier, please refer to the special content of my station.

Plants with relatively strong adsorption capacity can be planted in balconies, terraces, indoors, and large leaf plants can be selected as much as possible. Because of the large leaf area and many pores, it can not only adsorb PM2.5, but also increase the oxygen content of air. Such as green radish, evergreen, tiger skin, ivy and so on.

3.Do indoor cleaning

Such people spend more time indoors, pay special attention to cleanliness, wipe the tables and chairs with water in the house and mop the floor, because the humid air helps to reduce dust and fine particles floating in the air. In addition, the use of a humidifier, the placement of towels on the heater, the cleaning of sheets, pillows, etc. with a wet towel are all desirable methods of absorbing fine dust. In addition, use as little as possible air cleaning agents or insecticides, including aldehydes, benzenes and other pollutants.

4.Light diet

In the diet, we must pay attention to the ‘six but not’ principle: eating should not be too salty, too sweet (chocolate), too greasy (animal fat), should not eat too much spicy, spicy food, etc., should not eat too much allergic protein food ( Milk, fish, seafood, etc.), should not be full.

Drink plenty of water, pay attention to light diet, use cold, steamed, boiled, marinated, etc. instead of fried, fried, fried. Eat more foods rich in vitamin C, vitamin A, protein and other nutrients to enhance their resistance.

5.Pay attention to adjust mood, avoid excessive fatigue

Anxiety, sadness, over-excitement, and even laughter can also lead to cardiovascular disease. People who are psychologically vulnerable and have psychological barriers will feel abnormally heavy, nervous, and depressed in this weather. These people should pay attention to emotional regulation in the foggy days. You can listen to music and do something that you feel happy about. It is necessary to maintain a scientific law of life, avoid overwork, ensure adequate sleep, and reduce psychological stress.

How much influence does smog have on sensitive people and how to prevent it?

Posted on October 28, 2019October 28, 2019 by Helen

How much influence does smog have on sensitive people and how to prevent it?

Studies have shown that increased incidence of allergies is closely related to air pollution. In smog, an increase in the concentration of PM2.5 in the air can cause various allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, eczema, erythema, itching, and diarrhea. So, how can sensitive people prevent allergies in the haze?

First, what is sensitive physique

Generally, people who are prone to allergic reactions and allergic diseases and cannot find the cause of the disease are called ‘sensitive physiques’. People with ‘sensitive physique’ can develop various allergic reactions and allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, cough symptoms, itchy eyes or redness in the respiratory system; wind rash, eczema, angioedema, Red spots, itching phenomenon; digestive system may cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, gastrointestinal bleeding, oropharyngeal itching, foreign body sensation and other discomfort.

Second, the cause of sensitive physique

The causes of sensitive physique can be divided into two categories, internal and external. The internal cause is mainly derived from the history of family allergic diseases, often caused by parents and lack of immune function of the body at birth; the external causes of sensitive physique are complex and diverse, mainly including food, drugs, cosmetics, chemicals, Pollen, pets, bacteria, air pollution, etc.

Third, the cause of the disease caused by sensitive constitution

The latest research shows that the formation of sensitive physique, as well as the onset of allergies, are related to the ‘healthy killer’ in the body – excessive accumulation of free radicals. The number of free radicals in allergic people is much higher than that of non-allergic people. Increasingly serious environmental pollution, chemical abuse and radiation problems will directly cause the accumulation of free radicals in the body.

Free radicals come from two sources: one is constantly produced in the body’s own oxidative metabolism; the other is environmental pollution, radiation, bad habits, etc., and will continue to generate free radicals. Free radicals can be called the source of all evils. The aging of the human body and the production of many diseases are closely related to it.

Free radicals form lipid peroxides that can damage biofilms, destroy cells, impede normal metabolism, accelerate aging, and cause such imbalances, allergies, refractory dermatitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, eczema, and myocardial infarction , gout, nephritis, cataracts and other diseases.

Fourth, the impact of air pollution on sensitive physical groups

Among many external factors, allergic diseases caused by air pollution account for a considerable proportion. Many studies have shown that increased incidence of allergies is closely related to air pollution. Increased concentrations of ozone and nitrogen oxides in the air can cause bronchoconstriction and decreased lung function, leading to allergic respiratory diseases such as allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma.

PM2.5 is like a carrier that carries many harmful substances, such as bacteria, dust, heavy metals, etc., and when it enters the human body through the respiratory tract, the free radicals in the body will increase dramatically. Under normal circumstances, amino acids, vitamins and enzymes in the body can remove excess free radicals. However, in the case of high concentration of smog for a long time, a large amount of particulate matter is absorbed by the body, and free radicals in the body are increased, which cannot be removed in time, and will directly oxidize the human body. The mast cells and basophils cause the cell membrane to rupture and release histamine, which produces an allergic reaction. Therefore, improving the allergy will eliminate free radicals.

Pregnant women living in areas with severe air pollution for a long time are prone to low birth weight. Low birth weight is associated with a series of serious health problems, including postpartum imperfections, low immunity, heart and respiratory diseases, etc. One of the causes of allergies.

Five, how to prevent allergies

1.Go out wearing a mask

People with sensitive physique should wear masks when they go out, especially in foggy weather. You should choose a professional PM2.5 protective mask to minimize the crowds and plants and flowers to avoid contact with allergens.

2.The daily diet should be balanced

People with allergic physique should pay special attention to diet, try to eat less processed or refined, greasy, spicy food, and eat less sweets, these foods may aggravate allergic symptoms. Eat more foods containing vitamins A and C, which can scavenge free radicals and enhance the body’s immunity. Cabbage and citrus can resist allergies and should be eaten in daily life. Eat more calorie foods, you must not eat cold food.

3.To have good living habits

Wash your face and brush your teeth with hot water and change your laundry frequently. Keep the room clean, bedding and bed sheets should be washed frequently. Reduce outdoor activity time in the spring to prevent allergies to pollen. It is not advisable to keep pets and avoid contact with allergens from everyday life.

4.Exercise, enhance resistance

The living should be regular, do some physical exercise, relax and avoid emotional stress. Combined with the medicated diet to enhance immunity, it has a significant effect on improving allergic constitution.

5.The correct choice of skin care products

Allergic skin is extremely sensitive, so be careful when choosing skin care products. Do not use products that contain spices, alcohol, and fruit acids, which are irritating to the skin and cause allergies.

6.Use an air purifier

The air purifier helps to filter out all kinds of harmful substances and protect your health!

Paris is soaked in smog: looking for the ‘two-dimensional code’ for healing

Posted on October 28, 2019October 28, 2019 by Helen

Paris is soaked in smog: looking for the ‘two-dimensional code’ for healing

The elegant Paris also began to fall into the smog. After several days of air pollution, the French Prime Minister’s decision was to ‘oxygenate’ the city with a short-term traffic control policy.

Specifically, it includes: regional express trains in the Paris Region, subways, buses, bicycle rentals, etc., which will be used free of charge by the public; the three provinces in Paris and its surrounding provinces implement the restrictions on single and double numbers of motor vehicles. The limited line applies a small amount of 22 euros; it is forbidden to carry more than 3.5 tons of trucks and light vehicles without carburetor, and so on. Of course, the policy does not restrict the use of environmentally-friendly vehicles such as electric vehicles and natural gas vehicles, nor does it prohibit private vehicles that carry at least three people to encourage carpooling, while medical, fire-fighting, and food supply support the functioning of the city. Cars are not subject to this limitation.

In the days when only ‘Running can feel the wind’, suddenly the ‘running on the road’ was not allowed, and many French people felt inconvenient. The most intuitive role of car restrictions is to reduce vehicle emissions, but whether it can alleviate the smog in Paris is still controversial. In 1997, Paris also tried car restrictions, and the city air testing agency also used the remarkable effect of that time as a strong basis for this policy. Most Parisians also accept and comply with the government’s interim policy. In very days, I am afraid that no one will overestimate the attempts to protect public health, and once the weather is clear, some issues still need to be clarified and answered. For example, how big is the ‘contribution rate’ of automobile exhaust to smog? Will the limit line be the best choice for Paris? Is the timing of the restriction policy appropriate?

The same people who care about the ‘experience’ of Paris are those who are under the pressure of atmospheric pollution. They are also asking themselves, ‘What if I am?’ The answers often have common characteristics and case significance.

Haze or more serious impact: causing the Pacific storm to be more violent

Posted on October 28, 2019October 28, 2019 by Helen

Haze or more serious impact: causing the Pacific storm to be more violent

US researchers reported in a new issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on the 14th that the simulation results show that air pollution in Asia may increase the Pacific storm.

Researchers at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory used global climate models to simulate current and historical pollution. It was found that the ‘optical thickness’ of aerosols in the North Pacific increased significantly due to air pollution in Asia. The convective clouds become thicker and higher, resulting in the strengthening of short-wave and long-wave ‘cloud radiation’ at the top of the atmosphere.

Wang Yuan, the first author of the research report, told reporters: ‘Our simulation results show that the suspended particles produced by anthropogenic pollution can effectively change the microphysical properties and optics of convective clouds in the Pacific storm system as cloud condensation nuclei and ice cores. More importantly, by interacting with the cloud, particulate matter can change the heat distribution in the storm system, changing the dynamics of the storm and making the storm system worse.’

He further explained that the Pacific Storm System is an important part of the global atmospheric circulation and plays a role in transporting heat and water vapor to high latitudes. As a result, storm systems that are enhanced by air pollution in Asia have a significant impact on weather systems in other parts of the world, and are potentially linked to the observed anomalous weather conditions in the northern hemisphere winter. But he also pointed out that much research is needed on the relationship between Asian air pollution and specific extreme weather changes.

Wang Yuan pointed out that this new study emphasizes the effects of suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere, especially anthropogenic emissions of pollutants on clouds, precipitation and atmospheric circulation systems worldwide. Therefore, the impact of suspended particulate matter other than greenhouse gases needs to be considered when conducting global climate predictions and developing relevant international policies.

Smog in the Indian capital, killing one person per hour

Posted on October 28, 2019October 28, 2019 by Helen

Smog in the Indian capital, killing one person per hour

According to the Xinhua News Agency, according to the Global Burden of Disease Research, outdoor air pollution has become the fifth leading cause of death among Indians, after high blood pressure, indoor pollution, smoking and malnutrition. The number of deaths from outdoor air pollution has increased from 100,000 in 2000 to 620,000 in 2010. In the capital New Delhi, an average person died every hour because of air pollution.

The Hindustan Times reported that one-third of India’s population lives in an environment where harmful gases such as nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide and particulate matter (PM10) are seriously exceeded.

‘About half of India’s airborne particulate matter (PM2.5) levels exceed the standard.’ Chandra Bhushan, deputy director of the Indian Centre for Environmental and Science, told reporters. The monitoring results show that India only has air quality standards in two cities in southern Kerala. The green coverage rate in New Delhi is very large and the industrial area is also far from the urban area. Environmental experts believe that air quality in New Delhi has deteriorated in recent years due to the surge in the number of cars.

Is Ashes caused by PM2.5?

Posted on October 28, 2019October 28, 2019 by Helen

Is Ashes caused by PM2.5?

Although the particles in the air are invisible to the naked eye, the particles can reduce the visibility of the air, make the blue sky disappear, and the sky becomes a gray one. This weather is gray sky. In ash days, the concentration of PM2.5 is significantly higher than usual, and the higher the concentration of PM2.5, the lower the visibility .

Although different sizes of particles in the air can reduce visibility, the finer PM2.5 is more capable of reducing visibility than coarse particles. The reduction in visibility is essentially a hindrance to the transmission of visible light. When the diameter of the particles is close to the wavelength of visible light, the particles have the strongest ability to scatter light. The wavelength of visible light is between 0.4 and 0.7 microns, and particles with particle sizes near this size are the main components of PM2.5. The theoretical calculations also clearly show this: the extinction coefficient of coarse particles is about 0.6 m2/g, while the extinction coefficient of PM2.5 is much larger, between 1.25-10 m 2 /g, of which PM2. The extinction coefficients of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and organic particles, which are the main components of 5, are all about 3, which is five times that of coarse particles. Therefore, PM2.5 is the main reason for the reduced visibility of ash day.

It is worth mentioning that the ash day is caused by particulate matter pollution, while the foggy weather is a natural weather phenomenon, and there is no necessary connection with man-made pollution. The main difference between the two is air humidity, which is usually called fog when the humidity is greater than 90%, and sputum when the humidity is less than 80%, and a mixture of smog when the humidity is between 80-90%.

Singapore is full of smog, Indonesia is hard to blame

Posted on October 28, 2019October 28, 2019 by Helen

Singapore is full of smog, Indonesia is hard to blame

Singapore will once again enter the annual ‘season’. In 2013, Singapore’s smog from neighboring Indonesia’s land reclamation came with the wind, and Singapore experienced unprecedented air pollution. Due to the inaction of the Indonesian government in the past year, coupled with the impact of the El Niño phenomenon, it is expected that air pollution in Singapore will only become more serious this year.

Singapore has always been proud of its fresh air, but the air pollution index here reached its highest point in history last June. The neighboring Indonesian island of Sumatra opened up forests by burning waste, causing the whole of Singapore to be swallowed up by smog.

Despite the indignation of Singaporeans, the environmental protection organizations have exerted a lot of pressure on the Indonesian government. However, over the past year, the Indonesian government has not been able to reach an agreement on cross-border smog pollution in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in 2002. The fire on Sumatra is still raging. Burning. Because of the many peat deposits beneath the surface, fires can often last for several weeks.

To make matters worse, the possibility of the El Niño phenomenon is also growing this year. This means that Singapore, parts of Indonesia and Malaysia may be enveloped in smoke in the next few months, which will be a major blow to the health, economy and tourism of local people.

The El Niño phenomenon usually manifests as an unusual warming of the Pacific Ocean, which can cause severe droughts in Australia, Southeast Asia, and India, while flooding the Midwest and Brazil.

Singapore’s Environment Minister Vivian Balakrishnan told Reuters: ‘If Southeast Asia enters the dry season of four to six months from June, and the behavior of businesses and people remains the same, we will face a period of time. Very difficult time.’

According to Reuters, due to delays in pollution control, Singapore intends to take the initiative to punish individuals and businesses that cause air pollution in Singapore outside the country and is expected to submit it to Parliament later this year. However, legal experts believe that this decree is a bold move and it is difficult to implement it.

Because it is not easy to obtain evidence, it is difficult to specify who should be responsible for the smog. Both Indonesia and Malaysia refused to disclose maps that clearly show land use and rentals, so that it is impossible to know who the land to be burned is. Legal proceedings in courts in Singapore are a more complicated process.

Alan Tan, a professor of international law at the National University of Singapore, said: ‘The basic forensic investigation of who is arson on any land is difficult to complete, not to mention the real prosecution of parties or the management of land use conflicts. A complicated problem.’

The world’s two major palm oil companies, Fengyi International Co., Ltd. and Jinguang Agricultural Resources Co., Ltd. have promised not to destroy the forest. In addition to the palm oil industry, it is believed that the paper and pulp industry is also one of the causes of smog.

India will set a new air quality index to help people understand air pollution

Posted on October 28, 2019October 28, 2019 by Helen

India will set a new air quality index to help people understand air pollution

The Indian Minister of Environmental Protection said that India will set up a new air quality index to help people better understand air pollution and its impact on health. The new Air Quality Index will provide data on eight air pollutants and indicate their health impact in different colors.

In May 2014, the World Health Organization published a survey of 1,600 cities around the world. According to the report, the Indian capital, New Delhi, has an annual PM2.5 index of 153 μg/m3, ranking first in the world. Thirteen of the 20 cities with the worst global air quality are located in India. However, the Indian government has indicated that it does not accept the conclusions of the report.

According to British media reports, as part of India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s ‘Clean India Mission’ initiative, the new Air Quality Index will provide the public with data on eight air pollutants, with different colors representing different health The extent of the impact.

Indian Environmental Minister Prakash Yawadkar said that the new air quality index uses ‘one color, one data and a single description’ to let ordinary residents understand the extent of air pollution.

Anumita Roy Chowdhury, director of the Air Pollution Project at the Environmental and Environmental Center of the Indian Environmental Protection Agency, said: ‘(Currently) people don’t know what these pollutants are, nor do they know when pollutants reach a certain critical point. What. The new index will help people better understand the state of air quality.’ Roy Chowdhury said India needs to take more action to control air pollution and prepare emergency plans.

Why is it easy to have haze in autumn and winter?

Posted on October 28, 2019October 28, 2019 by Helen

Why is it easy to have haze in autumn and winter?

In the past week, the air quality of many cities has been at a moderate level of pollution, and even severe pollution or serious pollution has occurred in individual areas.

For the autumn and winter seasons, there are often foggy days, which makes many people wonder. ‘Why is the air quality in the autumn and winter season always not good? Is the air quality in the spring and summer seasons relatively good, and there are no pollutants in the atmosphere?’

There are many reasons for air pollution, which are related to pollution source emissions, external pollution input, and atmospheric diffusion conditions. In the absence of external pollution input and no increase in pollution source emissions, the main reason for the prone to polluted weather in autumn and winter than in spring and summer is that atmospheric activity is weakened, and pollutants are easy to accumulate, which is not conducive to diffusion.

In general, pollutants diffuse into four ways: atmospheric turbulence (irregular movement of air micelles), convective diffusion, advection diffusion, and strong weather activities (precipitation, high winds, etc.). However, due to the autumn and winter seasons, the above four types of diffusion paths have been reduced, and the inversion layer often appearing in the autumn and winter seasons further makes the atmosphere in a static state, so that the pollutants cannot spread.

The so-called inversion temperature is the cooling effect of the ground radiation, which causes the temperature in the near-surface layer to drop rapidly, while the temperature in the upper layer is slower, and there is a situation in which the foot is heavy. The occurrence of inversion temperature will make the atmosphere extremely stable, which is not conducive to the spread of pollutants. Since the inversion temperature occurs mostly in the autumn and winter seasons, only when the sun rises in the daytime, the inversion layer will be broken as the temperature rises, so the air quality is relatively good in the autumn and winter seasons and at noon during the day.

As for the relatively good air quality in spring and summer, it is still related to the atmospheric diffusion conditions. In spring and summer, the atmospheric movement is more active, the diffusion conditions are better, and the pollutants are easy to disperse.

Olansi was founded in 2009, that focuses on research and development, design, production and sales of health and environmental protection equipment of household air purification, water purifiers, and hydrogen-rich water series.

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